BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:https://murmitoyen.com/events/vanille/udem/ X-WR-TIMEZONE:America/Montreal BEGIN:VEVENT UID:69dafbbbe4c70 DTSTAMP:20260411T215611 DTSTART:20171219T100000 SEQUENCE:0 TRANSP:OPAQUE DTEND:20171219T110000 URL:https://murmitoyen.com/events/vanille/udem/detail/794981-personalizing- treatments-using-microbiome-and-clinical-data LOCATION:CHU Sainte-Justine\, 3175\, Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine\, Montréal\, QC\, Canada\, H3T 1C5 SUMMARY:Personalizing treatments using microbiome and clinical data DESCRIPTION:Conférence scientifique | Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Ju stine Conférence d'Eran Segal\, PhD\, professeur\, Département d'inform atique et de mathématiques appliquées\, Institut Weizmann des Sciences \ nRésumé : Accumulating evidence supports a causal role for the human gut microbiome in obesity\, diabetes\, metabolic disorders\, cardiovascular d isease\, and numerous other conditions\, including cancer. Here\, I will p resent our research on the role of the human microbiome in health and dise ase\, aimed at developing personalized medicine approaches that combine hu man genetics\, microbiome\, and nutrition. \nIn one project\, we set out t o understand personal variation in the glycemic response to food\, tacklin g the subject of personalization of human nutrition\, a poorly studied top ic that is critical for human health and to billions of people predisposed to\, or suffering from\, obesity\, T2D and related co-morbidities. We ass embled a 1\,000 person cohort and measured blood glucose response to >50\, 000 meals\, lifestyle\, medical and food frequency questionnaires\, blood tests\, genetics\, and gut microbiome. We showed that blood glucose respon ses to meals greatly vary between people even when consuming identical foo ds\; devised the first algorithm for accurately predicting personalized gl ucose responses to food based on clinical and microbiome data\; and showed that personalized diets based on our algorithm successfully balanced bloo d glucose levels in prediabetic individuals. These results suggest that pe rsonalized diets may successfully modify elevated postprandial blood gluco se and its metabolic consequences. \nI will also present our studies of th e mechanisms driving recurrent post-dieting obesity in which we identified an intestinal microbiome signature that persists after successful dieting of obese mice. This microbiome signature contributes to faster weight reg ain and metabolic aberrations upon re-exposure to obesity-promoting condit ions and transmits the accelerated weight regain phenotype upon inter-anim al transfer. These results thus highlight a possible microbiome contributi on to accelerated post-dieting weight regain\, and suggest that microbiome -targeting approaches may help to diagnose and treat this common disorder. \nFinally\, we studied the relative contribution of host genetics and env ironmental factors in shaping human gut microbiome composition. To this en d\, we examined genotype and microbiome data in over 1\,000 healthy indivi duals from several distinct ancestral origins who share a relatively commo n environment\, and demonstrated that the gut microbiome is not significan tly associated with genetic ancestry. In contrast\, we find significant si milarities in the microbiome composition of genetically unrelated individu als who share a household\, and show that over 20% of the gut microbiome v ariance can be explained via environmental factors related to diet\, drugs and anthropometric measurements. We define the term biome-explainability as the variance of a host phenotype explained by the microbiome after acco unting for the contribution of human genetics. Consistent with our finding that microbiome and host genetics are largely independent\, we find signi ficant biome-explainability levels of 24%-36% for several human traits and disease risk factors. We also successfully replicated our results in an i ndependent Dutch cohort. Overall\, our results suggest that human microbio me composition is dominated by environmental factors rather than by host g enetics. \n END:VEVENT BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:America/Montreal X-LIC-LOCATION:America/Montreal END:VTIMEZONE END:VCALENDAR